No sound in Ubuntu 12.04 - No sound output available

No sound in Ubuntu 12.04 - No sound output available

I've searched everywhere for a solution to this, but nothing has worked so
far.
Recently installed 12.04 LTS, and right from the start there was no sound.
In System Settings > Sound, under Play Sound Through, there is no option
to choose. It's just empty, not even "Dummy Output" is there.
lspci seems to see some audio devices:
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82915G/P/GV/GL/PL/910GL Memory
Controller Hub (rev 04)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82915G/P/GV/GL/PL/910GL PCI Express
Root Port (rev 04)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6
Family) High Definition Audio Controller (rev 03)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family)
PCI Express Port 1 (rev 03)
00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family)
PCI Express Port 2 (rev 03)
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family)
PCI Express Port 3 (rev 03)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family)
PCI Express Port 4 (rev 03)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6
Family) USB UHCI #1 (rev 03)
00:1d.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6
Family) USB UHCI #2 (rev 03)
00:1d.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6
Family) USB UHCI #3 (rev 03)
00:1d.3 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6
Family) USB UHCI #4 (rev 03)
00:1d.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6
Family) USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 03)
00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev d3)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FR (ICH6/ICH6R) LPC
Interface Bridge (rev 03)
00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6
Family) IDE Controller (rev 03)
00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FW (ICH6/ICH6W) SATA
Controller (rev 03)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) SMBus
Controller (rev 03)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GT215 [GeForce GT
240] (rev a2)
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation High Definition Audio Controller
(rev a1)
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. 88E8050 PCI-E
ASF Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 17)
06:05.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): LSI Corporation FW322/323 (rev 61)
EDIT: Some more helpful terminal commands
aplay -l:
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 7: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 8: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 9: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
grep "Codec:" /proc/asound/card*/codec*
/proc/asound/card0/codec#2:Codec: Realtek ALC880
/proc/asound/card1/codec#0:Codec: Nvidia GPU 0d HDMI/DP
/proc/asound/card1/codec#1:Codec: Nvidia GPU 0d HDMI/DP
/proc/asound/card1/codec#2:Codec: Nvidia GPU 0d HDMI/DP
/proc/asound/card1/codec#3:Codec: Nvidia GPU 0d HDMI/DP
Note: I did have to change some boot settings with F6 when I first booted
the Live CD for installation in order to install a proprietary driver for
my graphics card. Not sure if that's what's caused the problem, though.
EDIT: I think these were nomodeset and noacpi